Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Equip Essay

This is to certify that we interviewed Mr. Ruel Lopez of MVERT (Morong bid Emergency Response Team), as our just for our Science Investigatory Project.November 13, 2012This is to certify that we interviewed Mr. Jojo Tamayo of Jamta Wireless Solutions, 04 Cmdr Raymundo St., Morong, Rizal, as our expert for our Science Investigatory Project.Solar Powered Wireless Equipment for Multi-Purpose Disaster Risk ReductionQuestions for Mr. Ruel Lopez of MVERT (Morong Volunteer Emergency Response Team)1. How to make our project waterproof?Answer Put the project on a High place or secure it with a glass case2. What are we going to do to improve our project?Answer Secure the transmitter in a glass case, the alarm sound will be centralized, Transmitter should have back-up, and receiver should be kept in a building. Every room in the school must detect the alarm/the alarm should be centralized. Recess alarm and emergency alarm must be different.3. What are the effects if we put a Solar impanel to our Project? Answer There are positive and negative effects. First, the positive effects are we can use it in daytime and it has a stored energy. minus effects are we cant use it in night time because there is no sunlight and there is a possibility that the barrage fire wont last until night time.

DIstinctive Voices Essay Essay

How does the drug abuse of distinctive voices stress the ways that individuals respond to significant eyeshots of bearing? In your response, make detailed reference to your prescribed textual matter Severn Cullis- Suzuki and J.F. Kennedy and ONE other related text of your own choosing.Distinctive voices leave behind instinct and emphasise the significant events and aspects of life in relation to the individual and their underlying place in the society. Both John F. Kennedy and Severn Cullis Suzuki provide evidence of this which is evident in the use of contrast, anaphora, imagery, rhetorical questions and allusion but is also perpetuated in The Sharpness of Death by Gwen Harwood. These texts provide understanding and connections within eachother..Distinctive Voices engage with the audience to create an understanding with people ab come in current events. The Address to the Plenary Session, Earth summit speech spoken by Severn Cullis-Suzuki is using a remonstrative voice to poi nt out the issues in the environment today, she points out how important this earth is and how it is shared and illustrates the hypocrisy of adults in values they instill in children but fail to execute themselves. You wearyt agnise how to fix the holes in our ozone layer. You dont know how to bring salmon back up our dead stream. You dont know how to bring back animals that are now extinct this use of anaphora clearly highlights both the problems many places on earth are facing era also tying in the fact that it cant be fixed and how this needs to be changed.The childs voice is also clear throughout this speech when she dreams of ample herds of wild animals, jungles and rainforests full of birds and butterflies and she uses this to spike thought and emotion from the audience when she states I wonder if they will exist for my children to see. Did you ever have to worry abput these little things growing up. This speech sparks thought and emotion from the audience which is exactl y what it needs to do so something will be changed and it promotes a significant environmental aspect of everyones lives aiming for change.A voice is used to challenge, change and inspire audiences and John F. Kennedys Inaugural Address perpetuates this. He acknowledges change, pledgessupport, shows acceptance of responsibilities and rallys action and participation from the citizens. He uses a salutary electric chairial voice to portray a view of the America he invisions, we shall always hope to find them strongly supporting their own freedom and to look upon that, in the past, those who were foolishly sought power by riding the tiger ended up inside this metaphor highlights his strength and authority to perpetuate to the citizens what they should do and what will happen if they dont obey or learn from their mistakes.He also uses a religious voice to show his beliefs and inspire to a greater extent people to follow him, he states to undo the heavy burdens and to let the oppressed go free which is a passeage from the book of Isiah. This passage declares the Christian faith and giving medication is underpinned by Christian values. Through the use of metaphor and biblical allusion Kennedy was able to provide light onto his rein as president and show his intentions as president which inspired the individuals of America respond with hope for their country.A distinctive voice is one way that composers connect with their audiences. Gwen Harwood in the poem The Sharpness of Death portrays the supposition that life is to be treasured and if you stop and ponder demolition to often you will waste your life away, you may aswell be dead already, life is for the living through the composers voice which is evident in the use of an oxymoron. untranslatable meanings which shows understanding but in the voice of the character death is seen as inevitable and imposition and suffering is normal, she sort of talks to death witnessed when she states if I fall from that time then set your teeth in me. The expresses the thought of her death and she tells death that if she were to hinder of the greatest people and times in her life she wants to die for she does not want to experience life without these.Through the two voices provided in one text Harwood was able to portray to visions of living which is an aspect of every individuals life, their demise. They imagine it over and think about it so often and Gwen Harwood aimed to provide an understanding of how she handles the concept of death with the thought of life and how we exist now and our memories are more important. She uses two voices to emphasise the fact that we exist now and how individuals should be reminded of this before they think of death. uncomparable voices are what stands out when an influential person or significant topic are spoken about, These different angles provide individuals a way of understanding or thinking that would not be usual for them. These voices are able to locate and e mphasise aspects of life all individuals will relate to and are able provide solutions or aid the thoughts of the individual. John F. Kennedys Inaugural Address, Severn Cullis-Severns address to the plenary session, earth summit and The Sharpness of Death by Gwen Harwood all perpetuate this report using techniques such as metaphor, anaphora and biblical allusion allowing individuals to reflect and change themselves through inspiration of others.

IMAX’s business level strategy Essay

1. Discuss IMAXs vexation level system to date and proposed changes. (10 points) masterducts divergentiationThe vast stage movie system gives customers unique ocular and audio movie soak uping give that backsidenot be found in conventional movie theaters. IMAX is also narrowd by its library of films and locations. IMAX located itself in institutional environment and mercantile multiplexes to target wider hearings let in family, students, and tourists at different time during the day by check its own movies and new(prenominal) studios movies. Speaking of the technologies, IMAX films printed on larger films, which require special designed camera, projector, and screen to display the IMAX features.Cost leadership.The beau monde heavily invests monetary and human resources in their R&D, because the technologies developed would lower the costs of producing and distributing films significantly. The newer service agreements and partnership with theater owners seize IMAX l ower its capital requirements when new IMAX screens were opened in the traditional multiplexes. IMAX not more(prenominal) than thanover saves money on films making because they dont crap to deport a lots of money to the major stars as the Hollywood does, but also save money on the marketing. IMAX increased the number of Hollywood movies in commit to ride on the coat- tails of marketing campaigns launched by the studios.The proposed expanding strategies will bring more audience to IMAX, and save more production and distribution costs. By opening new IMAX screen in commercial-grade multiplexes will give customers easy access to IMAX movie, and in allow IMAX gain more market sh ar, and increase concussion ticket tax income. Although the initial system installation and movie converting costs are macro, over long landmark IMAX can achieve economies of scale by utilizing the IMAX system installed in traditional theaters.2. Conduct an external analysis. (25 points)a). PESTEL good examplePolitical factorsConcerns about violence, sex, and vulgar language in movies had generated considerable efforts to organize and lobby political movement to regulate the industry. There are some limit in terms on selection of movies. ratified factorsCopyright law protects this industry suffering from piracy. Violations of copyright act were considered felonies and were subject to federal criminal charges and civic lawsuits. Patent law also protects the technologies heavily used in this industry.Economic factorsThe economy is fairly durable except the crisis that hit the industry in the late 1990s because of the overbuilding during that decade, the 911 crisis in the early 2000s and the economic inlet in 2008. The economic crisis in 2001 and 2008 would reduce batchs disposable income therefrom reduce the receipts of the industry.Socio-culturalIMAX is trendy. It does not matter that if people have seen movies in the traditional theater before, some of them would like t o watch on IMAX screen again. Parents looking for activities combine education and entertainment would go to IMAX. More highly amend parents and overscheduled kids would like to go to places equipped with IMAX system. The college and university education are popularized which increases the absolute majority of IMAX audiences.Technology factorNew motion-picture photography technology development are encouraged and supported by funds, associations and Oscar Award. But the development of high-definition DVD recording, big screen TVs and cheaper projection and sound system technology offers potential IMAX viewers alternative sources of entertainment. The internet, live play, TV programs and cables are also substituting technologies.b). Porters Five ForcesIMAX operating in three industries photographic equipment and supplies industry, motion and picture and video production and distribution industry. Barriers to entryThis industry requires upfront investments to develop technologies, birth with producer and access to the distribution channels. IMAX held 46 patents and has seven patents pending in the United States, in order to enter this industry, potential enemys must develop their substitute technologies, or take the risks of copying IMAXs patent technologies, andboth are very costly.IMAX is achieving economies of scale, the more movies released in IMAX format, the more the IMAX system installed are utilized. IMAX is also update their technologies and making improvement to lower the costs of operations, therefore the learning curve cost advantages act as a barrier to entry. The barrier to enter this industry is high.Threats of substitutesLive plays, sport events, TV programs (big screen TV, cable, and satellite), the internet, DVD, nursing home theater projection and sound system are all alternatives of IMAX movie for consumers to entertain themselves in a different way. These substitutes also prevent IMAX from raising the ticket price. The threats of subst itutes are high.SuppliersThe suppliers are vendors who provide the critical elements relate in IMAXs projectors and camera systems, film making talents (actors, post-production workers), other studios (Hollywood, Disney, SKG DreamWorks etc.), and movie distributers (theater chain). The suppliers power is low because by relinquish movies in IMAX format and opening more IMAX screens will increase the box office revenue for all the parties involved. IMAX does not pay top stars to make movies. They pay the actors whose median salary is $17 per hour. IMAX has virtually its post-production work done by its wholly-owned subsidiary. IMAX purchases its equipment components from vendors with whom it maintained long-term relationships.BuyersBuyers are people who are willing to pay for the IMAX movie tickets, and theater chain has IMAX systems installed in their theaters. IMAX doesnt rely on certain type of vendees. The buyer range is very wide, and from different demographic. They are not likely to be price sensitive because the majority IMAX audience with average household income of more than $70000. The product offered by IMAX is much differentiated, and buyers cannot get the same honoring experience anywhere else. Overall, the buyers power is low.RivalryThe rivalry is low because IMAX was founded as the only company in the world that was involved in all aspects of large format films. IMAX doesnt havedirect competitor in this industry. Even though some of the moviegoer may choose the traditional theater sooner of watching IMAX, to the highest degree the IMAX audience are willing to pay extra $3 to $5 to experience the unique IMAX features and some of them already watched the same movie in the traditional theater before. Additionally, only IMAX movies have long lifespans in the theater circuit. In conclusion, I think this industry is take inive.c). Key opportunities and threatsOpportunities Large format film industry is emerging industry, and this industry is d riven by technological innovations, changes in demand, and customer needs. IMAX can utilize the introductory-movers advantages. IMAX has the technological leadership, and also obtains the patent protections that enhance their performance. IMAX has the opportunities to tie up the strategically valuable resources, which are the relationships with independent filmmakers, and distribution channel such as theater chains, so that it can success in this industry Threats IMAX is a relatively small firm compared to a rival studio, so they might be bought, and operates a part of another company. IMAX is not able to maintain their brand check if so many a(prenominal) Hollywood movies released in IMAX format.3. VRIO (25 points)ValuableRareInimitableOrganized warring implicationsTechnological leadershipYesYesYesYessustainable competitive advantageLocationsYesYesNoYesTemporary competitive advantageRelationships with other studios and theatersYesNoNoYesCompetitive parityBrand imageYesYesYesYes Sustainable competitive advantageCash flowNoNoNoYesCompetitive disadvantageThe technologies allow IMAX display the large format film features on whale screen to attract customers. Because of the patent protection, it is rare and hard to copy. IMAX invested in their R&D, and received grants and award from trey parties, so it is organized. By locating itself in institutional environment, IMAX creates a unique brand and attract different group of audience, so it is valuable. It is rare because not so many entertaining facilities opened in this environment. This system is not hard to imitate. It is organized because some of the IMAX films were educational and entertaining, and involved documentaries of natural and scientific wonders, so it valid to have IMAX in these locations. Convert other studios movies into IMAX format increase the IMAX ticket revenue, so it is valuable. The alliance with other filmmakers also saving IMAXs marketing expenditure. It is not rare because the Hollywo od movies also released on DVD, pay-per-viewformat. sight can also watch movies on TV and internet. It is not costly to imitate. It is organized because not all the Hollywood movies are released in IMAX format, it must be carefully chosen. The brand image is valuable because the large films features and unique watching experience are only associated with this brand name. It is rare because this product can only be provided by IMAX. It is hard to copy because this brand image is developed over long time, and IMAX has the first mover advantage. The company R&D and new services are supporting this brand image in terms of innovation and cost saving, so it is organized. The cash flow is not valuable because this company has negative net income for 2006 and 2007. The fact that IMAXs debt has been downgraded is an indication that the companys liquidity is questionable. It is organized because IMAX is hard to solve this problem by sign new service agreement, which would lower its operatio nal capital requirements and assist it pay off its debt.More box office revenue is expected by converting more commercial movies into IMAX format. 4. Based on your analysis, would you recommend proceeding with and expanding the strategy to exhibit Hollywood movies? Should the firm retrench? (20 points) Pro Hollywood movies are the most popular movies in the world, by releasing more Hollywood movies in IMAX format, more audience will be attracted by the combination of the movie and unique watching experience. This is the quick way to make revenue in order to improve the companys financial situation. This strategy also allows IMAX to take advantage of marketing campaigns launched by the studios therefore to save the marketing expenses. Because Hollywood movies has the most market shares, and this high demand will stimulate the theater owners to open more IMAX screens. It gives IMAX the opportunity to attract more viewers and expand the core audience. IMAX can make more revenue by si gning more service agreements with traditional theaters, and make profits by maintaining the system and sharing ticket revenue.If IMAX is releasing more Hollywood movies, share price is likely to go up, and create more value for shareholders. The more confident the stakeholders are, the easier for IMAX to raise capital to focus on technology R&D and further differentiate its products. The digital re-mastering technology reduced converting costs. Converting other studios movie is now making more profits and cost less. Con Screening re-formatted movie is not as profitable as screening IMAX own movies, and makes IMAX takethe risk of diluting its brand image. Releasing more Hollywood movies may let people question IMAXs educational function. The violence and sex contents in Hollywood movie may drive parents and their children away. Screening more Hollywood movies will benefit IMAX. It increases the revenue and the number of audience therefore I recommend proceeding with and expanding th e strategy to exhibit Hollywood movies.In long term, because IMAX has all these expectant technologies, and more stable financial supports, they should focus on developing its own movies. IMAX also should launch more marketing campaigns to promote its movies in order to maintain the brand image, and place more emphasis on its educational and entertaining functions. IMAX may develop some sub brands for example like, Smart Imax Kids, or learnedness with Imax which only located at institutional environments and integrate with the ride simulation packages to target specific demographics. This action at law will strengthen IMAX brand image and make the young generations and potential Hollywood moviegoers like these brands and become real IMAX fans when they grow up.

Marketing and Nike Essay

We stand evaluate Nikes core marketing scheme as related them to the relevant marketing theories. First of them is distribution theory. Nike distributes its products on different train basis. The game quality products be given to a certain distributers while the low price to be interchange at highly discounted price at the retail stores such as Wal-Mart. Nike has in addition develop the leader in the e-commerce by being the first to the market whit its e-commerce website. This program represents the first time a company has offered mass footwear through the internet and provides competitive advantages to Nike.One of the other theories is publicise and promotion. Nike makes contracts with well-nigh glory athletes which stick out take attention to their products such as Michael Jordan, Tiger Woods, Maria Sharapova, Ronaldo. This has created a relatively high level of Nikes awareness. Nike also employed a large amounts of advertisements. Their aggressive advertising campai gns, celebrity endorsements and quality products all enhance their brand and learn.The other theory is price. The price is not effective on their strategy beca example Nikes target market is based on the consumers who care more than about the receipts and quality of the product . This strategy foc exercises on the consumers who like Nike and pushes the products value to a higher level. Once the consumer arrive the product intimacy, they come to associate their person with the products and pass on pay whatever price quoted on the products. Nike use vertical integration price strategy and they also engaged in various channel level operations both to control be and influence the price function.And when we look at the market section theory, we see that most of the consumer of Nikes products is mainly athletic. Their segmentation market typically targets athletes, both women and men, from the age 15 to 35. Nike focuses on creating premium consumer experiences on product innovation , brand leadership and elevated retail presence. But Nike focuses on athlete more than any pigeonholing of individuals. This strategy is especially successful because of its ability to reach a large number of athletes.Although Nikes core marketing strategy had brings lot of positive directions to the company, but it will bring negative directions to Nike too. The mainly negative theory is the cost theory. Nike had incurred high costs in producing and promoting its products. The costs are increasing among handling inventory, designing, advertising and drudgery. The inflation had also rised the costs. So Nike has increased the products prices and reduces its marketing budget. Nike had also employed child labor in Cambodia to reduce its production and labor costs. This affected brand image negatively and many people s precede buying products from Nike. Furthermore, Nike has been using child labor in the production of its soccer balls in Pakistan.One of the Nikes core marketing strate gies is depend on a group of athletes to promote its products. Nike prefers to adjudge high profile athletes as its endorsers, like Runner Steve Prefontaine, Michael Jordan and LeBron James. The action and attitude of Nikes chosen spokespersons could bring the impacts on its promotional strategies. For instance, it will attract the athletes idolater to barter for the products if Nike using a popular athlete as endorser. On the other hand, if the athlete were caught in medicine addicted or any immoral attitude, it will affect the customers not to buy Nikes products, thus will affect Nikes sales, revenue and profit.There is intense competition lawsuitd by Nike. Their competitions are Adidas, Reebok, Puma, and so forth, whilst competition is tighter with the coming of Adidas. More, the product line is slightly different between Nike and Adidas.Nike faces many risks when they use their core marketing strategies to achieve their goals and these risks can come from both internally a nd externally environment. The risks will have a negative influence about Nikes future development.Nike needs to stay on the top of changes in consumer taste and preferences as evidenced by changes in mien. So Nike face the risk that fashion trends may change so fast that Nike fails to follow. If Nike cannot follow the fitness trends in the market they will face risks of losing market shares. To compete with this risks and problems, Nike should position it as a trendsetter and not a trend follower and be responsible to their customers.The global trends are to be fashion and personality. So Nike change its marketing strategies and products design to become more fashion and focus on the youth consumers. It brings risks to Nike because in the traditional mind of customers, they consider Nike lonesome(prenominal) sell the athletic products. The fashion or the changing style products is unimaginative for customers to purchase. Not all the customers can follow the changing of Nike. Ther efore, Nike should analyse the market and customers preference as well as customers buying expression from time to time.One of Major Nikes marketing strategies is to expand to overseas and become the leader in the world. It also will bring risks to Nike when they expand their business globally. Currency exchange rate fluctuations can fragmentize the business of the independent manufacturers that produce Nike products by making their purchase of raw materials more expensive and more difficult to finance. Besides that, the global economic recession influence the overall business operation in the outsourcing countries. 2) If you were Adidas, how would you compete with Nike?One difficulty most likely to be faced by Adidas is in its marketing, compared to its competitor Nike, Nike spends more money on advertising and promoting their products reputation. Adidas will have a hard time severe to compete with Nike in terms of advertising and promotion, considering Nikes utilization of low labor cost of production, Nike can afford to spend so much money in creating awareness for their products and gaining consumers loyalty by utilizing celebrities.If I were Adidas I would invest more money on advertising and create innovative elbow room of advertising their product, having consumers in mind and following the trends of technologies, for example, Adidas can collaborate with IT companies such as Samsung to create innovative means of advertising their products. Also a merger could be good for the Adidas, if the right strategy has chosen. For example Adidas and Reebok connecter up together as a merger would be a good deal for leading(a) over Nike but the two companies have a bad reputation due to financial problems which almost led them to bankruptcy and since they are to work together.

EcoRes is an independent project designed to reach the goal of energy saving in student accommodation sectors

The object of Eco-Res put is to touch a goal of cypher preservation(a) in five years by taking engine room measures in student accommodation. This engineering management root word pass on give a roadmap of where the future of Eco-Res chuck consist. The following break aways will be include in this report Current technology bases in the zip fastener redeeming(a) area. How to make changes happen? The tonality drivers in the change management. What factors talent stop in the mathematical operation of Eco-Res hear. divergent types of changes and how to achieve them. The main risks might exist in Eco-Res turn. Some strategy recommendations and opposite related information.Overview of technology roadmap for the next 5 yearsCurrently, the vital force usage in University mainly depend on the conventional vigor source. For next 5 years, these goals should be achieved Reduce capacity consumption by students and module live on campus by 30% over the next five years . Make additional savings greater than investment to develop hike environmental activities over time.1. Technology solution indicating leader or technology followerEco-Res is an independent realise designed to reach the goal of heftiness saving in student accommodation sectors. Technology solutions employ in Eco-Res bewilder should enable students and stave who reside on campus to monitor and reduce their residential usage. In order to achieve the tar trace of postcode saving, some re newbornable energy technology should be use in Eco-Res project. Considerable technology solutions are listed below.Solar photovoltaic technology converts solar radiation into electricity, and in this way, solar photovoltaic system mess produce energy for daily life usage. Solar caloric technology mainly collect the heat from the Sun by solar collectors, and transfer heat by hot water. Solar effect is a kind of green energy which can be installed well and widely in student accommodation.Wind power can be utilized by leash turbine. A perfume turbine plays a role of converting wind energy into mechanical energy. diametrical type of wind turbine can be used according to different circumstances.Another technology solution is take induction. By installing LED lights, a large criterion of energy bills can be saved. Cycle by cycle laundry equipment could also be considered as a technology solution.Biomass is another technology solution can be considered. Biomass can either be used curbed or convert into other energy forms. Garbage, wood, waste, landfill gases and alcohol fuels are the main resources of biomass.1. Type of change management required key driversThis share will summarize the some important drivers of change management. In Eco-Res project, the main change management drivers lie in strategicalal change, technology change, change forces and forgiving resource.Figure Nature of change (Balogun and Hope Hailey,1999)This describe shows the type of change mo del. From the outlook of Eco-Res project, the main drivers of this technology change are increasing desire of energy (Incremental) and low energy efficiency (Transformation), in that locationfore, Eco-Res project is an evolution.Staffordshire University, adapted from Balogun and Hope Hailey,1999, Exploring Strategic Change, Prentice Hall.CUserssdzhangweiDesktopQQ20141228200251.png source work adapted from Johnson & Scholes, 1999, Exploring Corporate Strategy, p.511From the change style model produced by Johnson & Scholes (1999), the Eco-Res needs transformational change, therefore, the advocate style strategic should be utilize to the project. The key driver to this change management is the use of authority to sit direction and means of change.Morgen Witzel (2003). Fifty key figures in management. Routledge, 2003. ISBN 0-415-36977-0p.96.In technology change, it will be rattling necessary to respond to change according to Mousetrap Theory. According to the working(a) theory o f Henri Fayol (Morgen Witzel, 2003), in technology change management, there were planning, organizing, hold ining, co-ordinating and controlling. In technology management today, there should also have forecasting. By applying the functional theory to Eco-Res project, the key drivers can be summarized as follow Make a complete project plan for recommended technology solutions in Eco-Res project. Appropriate organization of Eco-Res project. Make a Gantt chart of Eco-Res project to command it. Arrange different specialized people on different role in Eco-Res project. By lay up milest hotshots in the project plan to control the process. Get to know the future of the technology solutions applied in Eco-Res project.1958 J. March & H Simon organisations (New York, John Wiles & Sons, 1958)From the respect of internal pressures, Eco-Res project need to fulfil the requirements of energy saving raised up by stakeholders. From the respect of external pressures, more(prenominal) and more be nefits of renewable energy appeared recent years. For example, government supports and merchandiseing benefits. food merchandise pull and technology push like renewable technology becoming more important in energy market and more and more renewable energy can be realized in daily life are the promotion elements of Eco-Res project.From the perspective of human resource in managing change, different role plays different part in the change management. First of all, as the change agent in Eco-Res project, this entity should make a long-term strategic plan for this project. As the strategic leadership in Eco-Res project, this role should checker every process of the project going well to achieve the goal of energy saving. As mediate managers, these people contribute to Eco-Res project as gate players. The middle managers should convey the view from the top manager and reflect the feedbacks from the lower managers, and they also control the implementation of Eco-Res project.3. prote ction to changeCommon reasons for resistanceTopicReasoningSelf-interestFor students themselves, Eco-Res project do not give up direct benefits.DisagreementDo not trust Eco-Res project can achieve the goal of energy saving. On the other hand, students may think too much time and money will be spent on this project.RemunerationThrough the period of Eco-Res project, the reward of work may change, but because of the contract, the lucre will not change, therefore, provide involved in this project may not satisfied with this. forethoughtNew technology may exist some risks during installation and usage.MisunderstandingThe tar lead off of Eco-Res project may not be pull uped clearly.HabitStudents and rung live on campus may like to perplex to traditional habit, and refuse to involve in Eco-Res project.CulturePeople from different cultural background may have different view of energy saving.IndifferenceNot all students and provide fright nigh environmental problem.Forcefield Analy sis (Lewin, 1951)Organizational resistanceTopicReasoningExisting StructureHierarchical and flatten relationship as an existing structure may make things more difficult in new technology management.Power BasesSpecific power bases are necessary like bud lay down controls, autocratic or not and stakeholder mapping.CultureDifferent ways of dealing with different technology management.PlanningTechnology roadmap including mission, vision, forecast, firefighting, reactive, resources and rewards made specifically for Eco-Res project is necessary.TrainingStaff involved in Eco-Res project should be trained in the beginning the start point.ResourcesHuman resources and material resources should be considered properly.IncentivesToo much or too little incentives will be the resistance element in Eco-Res project. Proper incentives can inspire staff work harder. explanationThere were some energy saving project before Eco-Res project, and there also exists some traditional solutions may simulate t he innovation in Eco-Res project.Cultural Web (Johnson et al, 2005)Lewin K. (1951) Field Theory in mixer Science, Harper and Row, New York.4. Hard and/or Soft system changesIn hard system changes, there are different technology solutions and installation of the renewable energy equipment.In soft system changes, the main point is cultural change of the organization. From the culture web of organization (Johnson et al, 2005)Johnson, G., Scholes, K. and Whittington, R. (2005) Exploring Corporate Strategy, Prentice-Hall,Harlow.CUserssdzhangweiDesktopQQ20141230043225.png5. study risks or downsides for the initiativeRisk spreadsheetRisklikelihoodimpactMitigation optionsWrong estimation of the process durationmediumlargeKeep working on the wrong estimation process and get another independent process begin at the same time.Underproduction of the energy saving projects taskmediumlargeIncrease duration of the task and rearrange the project process arrangement. cost overspend (variable compo nents footings)largelargeLook for other investors and build cooperation, or negotiate more investment from existed investors.Decrease of government subsidizationmediumsmallIncrease the efficient of the energy saving project to save cost.Equipment failure in usagemediumMedium-largeEstablish maintenance team and fix the equipment immediately.Variables of withstandMediumlargeBackup the electricity usage by using existing grid to power up.Failure of installation of facilitiesReferenceMarket strategy for Eco-Res solutionExecutive SummaryThis report proposed a market strategy to promote and encourage use of the Eco-Res solution by University students living on campus.1. Market investigateThe purposes of Eco-Res project market research are identified as Get to know the attitudes of students and staff on campus towards Eco-Res project. Determine promising students and target markets (on campus) for Eco-Res project. Help make market segmentation by doing a go off some how students behav e to achieve energy saving. Recommend a most acceptable renewable energy technology from the market research, and also investigate an acceptable cost for Eco-Res project.Both Internet-based and mail-based surveys were implemented to prise the conscious(predicate)ness and attitudes of students and staff on campus towards emerging renewable technologies. And the methodology of the Eco-Res market research is Aim at students and staff live on campus. Developmentally market researches should be designed to determine the target market more accurately.The overall key findings of the present market researches are Most students and staff who participated in the market researches are quite concerned with energy saving, and they think more improvement of energy saving should be made in the University of York. Solar PV is the most acceptable technology in energy saving area. As for daily life behaviour, most students and staff have more or less energy saving habits.The gaps of present market researches are The most questions in the questionnaires are about the general awareness of energy saving, further investment about Eco-Res project should be done. Researches about personal and general information about students should be done to get to know the customers of Eco-Res project better.1. Motivation theoryTo make students and staff living on campus get involved in Eco-Res project, some motivation theories should be applied to increase the amount of participation.Maslow Hierarchy of NeedsA combination of Maslow-Hierarchy of Needs model and Self-Efficacy theory could be applied to Eco-Res project, specifically, the pry and actualization part could be combined with the Self-Efficacy theory. Eco-Res project fulfil the requirement of energy, therefore, the physical stage has been achieved. The energy usage in daily life can be guaranteed in Eco-Res project. Safety as a basic requirement in energy usage can also be a fundamental assurance. In the aspect of Love/Belonging, an association of Eco-Res project can be established to make students aware of their contribution to school energy saving. By involving in this visible association, a feeling of belonging is growing, and Eco-Res project will not just a school project.The combination part is the most import part in motivating students and staff. In order to let students feel respected, every student involved in Eco-Res project should be connected by email and text, and special services for membership should be established. Different school events like renewable energy introduction and practice of installing renewable energy equipment should be held. By these kind experiences, students on campus will get the meaning of Eco-Res project. Elective courses can be set up to coach students in behaviours of energy saving in daily life and also tuck the value of Eco-Res project. At the same time, speeches about energy saving or some green topic speech competition can be held in order to increase the concern of energy saving between students.Bandura Self-Efficacy TheoryAjzen Theory of Planned Behaviour (Ajzen, 1985)From the model of Planed Behaviour theory, it can be turn out that a complete plan of Eco-Res project is very important. By providing a specific progress to students on campus, the feeling of everything is under control can be established.c. Market segmentationMarketing is the heart of a successful technology project like Eco-Res project. In order to convey the information efficiently and effectively, a considerable way is based on marketing segmentation. Market segmentation is defined as dividing a market into distinct groups of buyers who have distinct needs, characteristics, or behaviour and who might require separate products or marketing mixes (Armstrong. G. and Kotler. P. 2005). There are many different ways to divide market, and the Determinants of Consumer Behaviour model (Kotler and Armstrong, 2008) could be referenced for market segmentation.From the perspective of behavioural segmentation, a survey about Eco-Res project produced by Rachel check showed that most students and staff on campus have the habit of saving energy. The Defra research (James Murray, 2008) could be a reference for Eco-Res project marketing segmentation, and the Defra research produced a great method of dividing behavioural segmentation. However, different level of concern lead to different frequency of behaviour. The types of consumer behaviour (Doyle and Stern, 2006) showed the theory support of behavioural segmentation. Therefore, the target group in behavioural segmentation first comes to students and staff who have very good energy saving habits. Students and staff who are not concerned about energy saving could be the emphasis of promotion.CUserssdzhangweiDesktopmotivation.pngTypes of Consumer mien (Doyle and Stern, 2006)Students and staff from different economic circumstances could also be a way of segmentation. People from low-income sign may value more about energy saving, since Eco-Res project could bring a great saving of energy bills. However, in Eco-Res project, there may exist cost to get involved in this project. Students and staff from higher income family also have a tendency to join Eco-Res project considering the cost and benefit from this project. Therefore, an countenance cost for Eco-Res project and an announcement of the money could be saved from this project are required.In the aspect of demographic segmentation, students and staff may have different view of Eco-Res project because of different age, occupations and educational levels. A market research from group 6 showed that people who have higher educational levels concern more about energy saving. A deeper market research should be made to show how age and occupations affect peoples tendency to take part in Eco-Res project. This research could also include survey about students from different countries and different colleges. In this way, the demographic segmentation could combine with geographic segmentation. For example, if the market research shows that both postgraduate students and students from other countries concern a lot about energy saving, then the Wentworth College could pass a target market.d. The marketing mixThe 4 Ps Marketing Mix (McCarthy, 1960) comprises Product, Price, bulge out, and Promotion. The classic elements offer a useful matrix to assess Eco-Res project. Eco-Res initiatives should address each of the 4Ps. While Eco-Res project do not control the technology and installation, the success of this project is only linked to the success of getting students and staff involving into this project. The most important goal of this marketing strategy is building a strong customer base for renewable energy technology usage in their dormitories. The 4Ps of Eco-Res project are defined as below.For marketing purposes, Eco-Res project can evaluate the product from the perspective of consumers rational and emotional attitudes toward s energy saving. These attitudes affect the desire to get involved in this project. The brand name is Eco-Res, and the value of this project is to save energy and develop more environmental friendly projects. In Ansoff ground substance model, Eco-Res project in the University of York belongs to product development. In product development, Eco-Res project should develop plans to fulfil the target market segments. In order to build a sustainingPicture Ansoff Matrix (Ansoff, 1957)brand for Eco-Res project, the value of energy saving in this project should be showed to appeal the target students and staff who are interested in energy saving in the behavioural segmentation. In order to express Eco-Res project better, a logo was designed as follow.CUserssdzhangweiDesktoplogo.pngPicture logoPrice is one of the biggest barriers to growing the energy saving marketing, and Eco-Res project should be addressed to swear out overcome customer price concerns. Eco-Res project has a merit of savin g the energy bills for students and school, which could make accommodation fee per week cheaper compared with non-Eco-Res buildings. Different prices should be developed to appeal to students and staff in different economic circumstances. For example, customers can choose the LED installation plan only or both LED installation plan and solar PV installation plan. Different choices come with different prices, and a list of cost and maintenance fee should be produced.Place should be considered through the building of a strong supplier network. This supplier network should ensure students can easily find different part of Eco-Res project. In other words, this project should be visible. In come out of the closet strategy, Eco-Res project can use website, referral systems and fixed places in target colleges. An Eco-Res project website should be established to help students and staff on campus know the Eco-Res solution better. A general introduction about Eco-Res, the benefits of Eco-Res and the way to get involved in Eco-Res should be showed on the website.Another way of place strategy is by email. In target colleges which showed large interest in Eco-Res project from market research, messages about Eco-Res should be emailed to the students and staff in these colleges. Referral and information desks should also be set in these targeted colleges.Promotion behaviour of Eco-Res project should be presented to ensure the right messages are conveyed. Exhibitions about Eco-Res project can be held in these targeted colleges, and at the same time, direct advertising by post or door-drop could be down. Social media (like Twitter and Facebook etc.) promotion between students and staff is also necessary. On school journals in University of York, the accurate target and value of Eco-Res project should be introduced.

European Women’s History Essay

The section of women in hostel has greatly evolved. antecedent to the emergence of todays modern world, women were restricted and confined by the norms and dictates of society. Gender inequality greatly prevailed especially during the early societies. There was little room for progress for women. More often than not, women were prohibited from prosecute careers. Such personal growth was attributed solely to men. However, with the evolution of the society came the change in perception of the federal agency of women. It can be said the change in societys perception with regards to the position of women was initiated by the querelle des femmes, or the think over women. Such debate began in the 14th century and lasted until the eighteenth century. During the said period, various questions were raised with regards to how women should be viewed or treated in society. The status of women in society became the center of the debate. Questions regarding the rights of women as well as the ir capabilities were likewise raised. Misogyny was likewise an important issue that interminably raged on in the debate.Primarily, the basic question that emerged was regarding the capability of women for judicious thought. Men and women argued on whether women are reasonable beings who could determine what is logical and rational. In other words, such(prenominal) question dealt with whether women have the ability to make decisions on their own. From such debate emerged the changes in societys perception over the role and status of women. versatile assumptions were developed and were brought about the long debates and arguments. Among the most vital assumptions that were developed was one that concluded that women were indeed rational beings. Women were capable of rational thought and thereby had the inherent ability to make decisions for themselves. To supplement such record of women, command for women was encouraged. Many philosophers argued that educating women was vital in order to establish their place in society. However, it is not but with the querelle des femmes that questions over the role and status of women were argued upon. Such questions were continuously discussed even with the emergence of the enlightenment period. In both cases though, gender equality was the main point of debate. Another assumption that emerged from such debates dealt with the fact that the role of women is society is a product not just of misogyny of men but with the education of women. forwards the said period, women were educated in such a way that they would become submissive to men. Such outlook is one of the reasons why women were viewed as inferior beings in society.With the emergence of women writers in the aforementioned periods, the call for a change in the education of women began to emerge. The15th to 18th centuries saw an abundance of literary works that called for equal education between men and women.As previously mentioned, education was one of the ke y questions in the debate. Moreover, such literary pieces called for society to treat women as intellectual equals of men. In other words, the proponents of the movement demanded that women be considered intellectuals and thus be given intellectual education. It was no longer enough that women be trained to become mere housewives. The debate changed the type of education that women usually received.The debate reformed the view that women were ignorant and that they were only capable of do household duties. With the galore(postnominal) arguments raised in the centuries-long debate, such perceived nature of women was changed.The pro-women stand had several proponents. severally of them took on the battle using their pen and paper. It is through literature that women combated the misogynists of the time. Various literary works emerged that tackled the many questions that arose from the querelle des femmes. Women writers were at the forefront of the battle for a reformation of womens rights and more importantly, the nature and role of women in society.The negative view of women was tackled directly and indirectly through prose and poetry. In each literary work, women writers such as Pizan and Wollstonecraft signified womens desire to be considered as equal of men. More importantly, such works pinpointed the wanting of women to be viewed as intellectuals who deserve the proper training and education that will allow them to take after further personal growth and development.The pen served as the weapon of choice for women. Through the pen, women were able to rear that they were intellectually capable of rational thought. Through the pen, women were able to voice out their dislike for the manner by which men and society in general viewed their importance and role.

To The Grils Who Are Going to College Tone Essay

To Girls Who Are Going to College by Helen Keller, Keller uses an overarching passionate scent that shifts from reminiscent to Instructive In order to strengthen college womens confidence. Through re bespeak of the word you, Keller comes across as sentimental, almost as if she is trying to recall her own memories in the eyes of the reader. By trying to enact her memories in the form of writing, Keller succeeds in drawing the audience together to sympathize with college women.On the other hand, women visualize themselves finished her memories and become reassured that everything will work out fine. Sellers reflective tone is mainly seen in the starting signal of the essay, but her nostalgia carries on throughout the whole passage. As the nostalgia starts to fade away towards the end of the reading, Keller transitions into a more commanding, motherly type role and takes advantage of the use of imperative words to convince college women to follow her, eyepatch non sounding o host ile.Sentences start off with authoritative verbs and turn into pieces of advice, such as do not forget, Learn from your books, and Rebel a put one overst the hardness and injustice. Keller asserts her ideas in a more sociable and loving way, which enables the audience to obey her advice without thinking she is too authoritative. In return, college women feel empowered by her insights and gain strength leading up to the school year. Helen Keller manages to speak to the audience through her passion by petition and verb usage.By connecting her own memories with the future, Keller enables women to see things through her own eyes. She helps them realize, through use of an overarching passionate tone, that most things will not be expected, but to still push through either way. To The Grills Who Are Going to College Tone raise By Nikolas passionate tone that shifts from reminiscent to instructive in order to strengthen college womens confidence. Through repetition of the word you.